--><!-- Cezary Buszta, Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher, and David AebisherMedical College of The University of Rzeszw, Rzeszw, Poland Part of the book: The Biochemical Guide to Hormones Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a disease of civilization that affects more and more people. The cause of diabetes is the development of humanity, i.e., urbanization and ensuring a better and better life. People are increasingly choosing a sedentary lifestyle, often driven by higher factors. Insulin replacement therapy is necessary for many patients suffering from this disease. The market today uses more sophisticated methods that rely on insulin analogues to alter the time it takes for insulin to be absorbed by cells with the need for glucose. Diabetes has long been diagnosed, but much is not known yet because treatment does not completely eliminate the disease. This creates a great challenge for the future, including in molecular diagnostics, where defective, mutated and disease-determining genes can be examined. Keywords: insulin, hormone, diabetes, glargine, Langerhans cells, obesity, pancreatic References Mathieu C, Gillard P, Benhalima K. Insulin analogues in type 1 diabetes mellitus: Gettingbetter all the time. Nat Rev Endocrinol, 2017; 13(7):385-399.Posner BI. Insulin Signalling: The Inside Story. Can J Diabetes, 2017 Feb; 41(1):108-113.Santoleri D, Titchenell PM. Resolving the Paradox of Hepatic Insulin Resistance. Cell MolGastroenterol Hepatol, 2019; 7(2):447-456.Titchenell PM, Lazar MA, Birnbaum MJ. Unraveling the Regulation of HepaticMetabolism by Insulin. Trends Endocrinol Metab, 2017; 28(7):497-505.Tokarz VL, MacDonald PE, Klip A. The cell biology of systemic insulin function. J CellBiol, 2018; 217(7):2273-2289
